Based on CCAP’s progress to date on its virtual pilot program and ongoing engagement with developing country partners, we assess that many Parties are not ready to engage fully in the negotiations of rules for the implementation of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. Parties would be well advised to continue to consider basic points... continue reading »
Resource
Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Opportunities and Marginal Abatement Costs of the Energy Intensive Industrial Sectors in the Hubei Province
Resource
Analysis of the possible use of benchmarks for the allocation of allowances in the Hubei Province pilot ETS and the relevance for a national Chinese ETS
A report by Wuhan University and the Center for Clean Air Policy (CCAP)
Resource
Proposed Framework: Design of a Pilot Tradable Intensity Standard System
Resource
Proposed Framework Design of a Pilot Emissions Trading System for the Building Sector
Resource
Getting Ready for the MRV – Experience and Knowledge (Chinese version)
Resource
MRV in EU ETS Options for China (Chinese version)
Resource
Marginal Abatement Costs and GHG Emissions Reduction Opportunities for Enterprises under the Hubei ETS (Chinese version)
Resource
Emissions Trading: What lessons have been learned? (Chinese version)
Resource
The Benefits of Using Benchmarks in an Emissions Trading System (Chinese version)
Resource
Trading in the ETS: A look at the opportunities for compliance companies (Chinese version)
Resource
The Benefits of Using Benchmarks in an Emissions Trading System
Resource
Trading in the ETS: A look at the opportunities for compliance companies
Resource
Marginal Abatement Costs and GHG Emissions Reduction Opportunities for Enterprises under the Hubei ETS
Resource
MRV in EU ETS Options for China
Resource
Emissions Trading: What lessons have been learned?
Resource
Getting Ready for the MRV – Experience and Knowledge
Resource
Elements of the Forthcoming Directive and Future EU Trading Scheme
Resource
Tradable Intensity Standard for Sector Crediting
This paper addresses some issues that will need to be addressed to implement NAMAs and sector crediting. It discusses cap-and-trade programs for developing countries, international linkages, emission caps for certain sectors through “trading” programs, and No-Lose approaches. It highlights some of the key advantages at the present time of employing a tradable intensity standard to... continue reading »
Resource
Cost-Containment in Cap-and-Trade Systems: A Review of the Options
Resource
Preventing Market Disruptions in Cap-and-Trade Programs
This paper discusses trading system design elements that could help prevent market disruptions, including aspects of allowance auctions, transaction registries, allowance banking, and price stabilizing mechanisms. It raises the possibility of employing temporary, special methods in the early years of program implementation to create an added degree of safety as firms and regulators gain experience... continue reading »
Resource
Developing a CO2 Emissions Trading Design for Slovakia
This final report summarizes all the working papers and discussions that focused on specific areas and issues and presents recommendations to the Slovak government on a domestic CO2 cap-and-trade system.
Resource
An Upstream/Downstream Hybrid Approach to Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading
Part of the Airlie Carbon Trading Papers, this report examines alternative approaches to expanding the coverage of a downstream trading system by bringing in facilities from farther upstream. It calls attention to a number of issues that would need to be addressed in integrating upstream and downstream facilities into a single system, most notably the... continue reading »
Resource
Transportation and Domestic Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading
Part of the Airlie Carbon Trading Papers, this report examines four approaches to carbon emissions trading for transportation emissions in the United States: upstream trading, vehicle maker-based trading, an upstream/vehicle maker hybrid, and upstream trading combined with vehicle maker carbon efficiency standards. To put consideration of emissions trading in a broader context, we begin with... continue reading »
Resource
Identifying the Proper Incidence of Regulation in a European Union Greenhouse Gas Emissions Allowance Trading System
This paper compares upstream, downstream and hybrid approaches to designing a greenhouse gas cap-and-trade system for the European Union. These trading models are assessed with reference to five policy criteria: economic efficiency, environmental effectiveness, distributional implications, administrative feasibility and cultural acceptability. This paper focuses on the first three criteria while noting considerations relevant to the... continue reading »
Resource
Design of a Practical Approach to Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Combined with Policies and Measures in the EC
This paper provides a “strawman” proposal, originally intended to generate dialogue with Member States present at a 1999 workshop. The proposal provides a detailed profile of how a more limited EU-wide emissions trading system covering selected industrial sectors combined with the current system of policies and measures could go into effect in advance of 2008.
Resource
Allocation of Greenhouse Gas Reduction Responsibilities Among and Within the Countries of the European Union
This paper deals with the issues relating to the allocation of emission allowances (or equivalently Parts of Assigned Amount, PAAs) among and within States. This paper was prepared primarily to provide background information to members of the Study Team on key issues related to the design of an European emissions trading scheme and to assist the... continue reading »
Resource
Compliance-Related Aspects of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading in the EU
The purpose of this paper is to examine the compliance-related aspects of greenhouse gas emissions trading in the European Union. The compliance-related components of trading include measurement of emissions, reporting of emissions, verification by regulatory authorities of reported emissions, and sanctions for noncompliance.
Resource
US Carbon Emissions Trading Some Options that Include Downstream Sources
Part of the Airlie Carbon Trading Papers, this report evaluates the design questions for a cap-and-trade system that could be implemented “downstream,” at or near the point of CO2 emissions.
Resource
The Treatment of Biomass Fuels in Carbon Emissions Trading Systems
Part of the Airlie Carbon Trading Papers, this report presents an approach for including biomass fuels in a carbon emissions trading program. Under this method, plantations that produce carbon-neutral biomass would be certified as having done so. An upstream trading system (where mission allowances are required of fuel producers) would mean that the plantations would... continue reading »
Resource
Accounting for Non-fuel Uses of Fossil Fuels in an Upstream Carbon Trading System
Part of the Airlie Carbon Trading Papers, this report provides a closer look at the use of fossil energy for non-fuel purposes in the US, and then presents alternative policy options for accounting for this non-fuel use in an upstream trading system. The paper argues for a two-track approach to accounting for non-fuel uses: First,... continue reading »
Resource
US Carbon Emissions Trading: Description of and Upstream Approach
Part of the Airlie Carbon Trading Papers, this report makes the case that an upstream GHG cap-and-trade system would be a cost-effective, fair and feasible approach to domestic carbon regulation. Upstream carbon trading would have two major advantages over a downstream approach.
Resource
Tradable Carbon Allowance Auctions: How and Why to Auction
Part of the Airlie Carbon Trading Papers, this report argues that an auction is the best way to allocate allowances in a carbon cap-and-trade system.To minimize administrative costs, allowances would be required primarily at the level of oil refineries, natural gas pipelines, natural gas liquid sellers, and coal processing plants. To maximize liquidity in secondary... continue reading »
Resource
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading: Improved Compliance at Reduced Cost
This policy brief provides an overview on the benefits of emissions trading systems.
